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in 1936 by Louis Skidmore, Nathaniel Owings, and later joined by John Merrill, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) quickly grew into a major architecture firm. Influenced by graduates of the Illinois Institute of Technology under Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, SOM became known for pioneering Mid-Century Modern design.",{"deviceSize":562,"location":563},"large",{"pathname":564,"path":565,"query":569},"/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/skidmore-owings-merrill",[566,567,568],"online-resources","architecture-encyclopedia","skidmore-owings-merrill",{},"Skidmore, Owings & Merrill","Architect/Firm",[573,576,579],{"src":574,"caption":575},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2Fbf96600d93a344c3af8bdf42d69c58e4","Willis Tower",{"src":577,"caption":578},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F6fffd34e7dbb42edb65352c796915b15","Trump International Hotel And Tower",{"src":580,"caption":581},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F2a1da79e28f44371bf13e82b09d5020b","John Hancock Center",[583,682],{"@type":584,"@version":457,"id":585,"meta":586,"children":588,"responsiveStyles":680},"@builder.io/sdk:Element","builder-eea7725bebb64573b010bb3bf43d97aa",{"previousId":587},"builder-932b41064ae946a496a943fa25e38c2e",[589,606,621,645,657,669],{"@type":584,"@version":457,"id":590,"meta":591,"component":593,"responsiveStyles":599},"builder-6d567410340f4b6fa3018e7391385b1c",{"previousId":592},"builder-910d8ca86bae47969b455984d3f46018",{"name":594,"options":595},"Text",{"text":596,"padding":597,"backgroundColor":598},"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM)\u003C/strong> is a global collective of architects, designers, engineers, and planners renowned for creating some of the world’s most innovative buildings and continuing to shape cities around the world today. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The firm was founded in 1936 by Louis Skidmore and Nathaniel Owings. Partner John Merrill joined the Chicago architecture firm three years later. The firm grew quickly, opening offices in other cities, and by the 1950s employed over 1,000 people. As new architects were hired – many having graduated from the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) after studying under \u003Ca href=\"/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe\u003C/a>, dean of the school of architecture – the firm’s work influenced the widespread use of \u003Ca href=\"https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/mid-century-modernism/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Mid-Century Modern\u003C/a> design. Having pioneered the multidisciplinary approach to design, SOM established an influential model for firm operations and management.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>With committed modernists like Gordon Bunshaft (Pritzker Architecture Prize, 1988) and Natalie de Blois, SOM continued to attract attention from prospective clients and the design world at large. By 1950, the firm had earned an \u003Ca href=\"https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/2411\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">exhibit devoted entirely to its innovative design work\u003C/a> at the Museum of Modern Art, signaling its status as the architecture firm of the postwar moment in the U.S. and abroad, delivering architecture that responded to new technologies and societal expectations.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>A second generation of influential designers expanded the firm’s legacy. Bruce Graham and Walter Netsch brought modernity to Chicago’s Loop with their office tower for \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/projects/inland-steel-building/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Inland Steel\u003C/a> — a design that influenced Bunshaft’s \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/projects/one-chase-manhattan-plaza/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Chase Manhattan Bank headquarters\u003C/a> in Lower Manhattan. Netsch broke away from the Mies and Le Corbusier-inspired constraints learned by SOM’s first generation, creating a stunning contrast to the U.S. Air Force Academy Campus’s rigidity with a 17-spire \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/projects/u-s-air-force-academy-cadet-chapel/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Cadet Chapel\u003C/a>. He also developed his own, highly versatile and geometric “field theory” approach to architecture, best exemplified by his design for the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/news/exhibition-at-university-of-illinois-at-chicago-revisits-soms-visionary-1960-campus-design/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">University of Illinois at Chicago’s Circle Campus\u003C/a>. Edward Charles Bassett brought an intense concern for the environment to the Seattle-Tacoma area with his “groundscaper” for the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/projects/weyerhaeuser-corporate-headquarters/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Weyerhaeuser Company Headquarters\u003C/a> that masterfully integrated architecture into its natural surroundings.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The integration of architecture and engineering was a founding principle of SOM, exemplified in so many of the office buildings, museums, and transportation facilities the firm has designed over the years. Perhaps no one engineer has had as much of an impact on architecture more broadly as Fazlur Khan, who played a critical role in the construction of Chicago’s \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/projects/875-north-michigan-avenue-formerly-john-hancock-center/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">John Hancock Center\u003C/a> (AIA 25 Year Award, 1999) and \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/projects/willis-tower-formerly-sears-tower/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Sears Tower\u003C/a>, through the implementation of his tube structural system. Working with Bunshaft, he also helped realize the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/news/hajj-terminal-wins-prestigious-aia-twenty-five-year-award/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Hajj Terminal\u003C/a> (AIA 25-Year Award, 2010) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Khan’s work continues to influence the design of supertalls all over the world to this day, including the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.som.com/projects/burj-khalifa/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Burj Khalifa\u003C/a>—designed and engineered by SOM and completed as the world’s tallest building in 2009.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>SOM's interdisciplinary approach has led to the creation of technically innovative and environmentally sustainable buildings and significant public spaces around the world. In Chicago, notable ongoing and completed projects include:\u003C/p>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>800 Fulton Market\u003C/li>\u003Cli>400 Lake Shore\u003C/li>\u003Cli>Chicago Public Library, Chinatown Branch\u003C/li>\u003Cli>Taylor Street Apartments and Library\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>","half","bg-gray-100",{"large":600},{"display":601,"flexDirection":602,"position":603,"flexShrink":604,"boxSizing":605},"flex","column","relative","0","border-box",{"@type":584,"@version":457,"layerName":607,"id":608,"meta":609,"component":611,"responsiveStyles":619},"See your favorite buildings in person / Container 50 50","builder-da1467a28147474fa2c07b6bc15478be",{"previousId":610},"builder-a5c05b63986248a5862b75c736af4cae",{"name":612,"options":613},"Symbol",{"symbol":614},{"entry":615,"model":616,"ownerId":617,"data":618},"d01a75c23d2e0197886ec71e49c89fd927af1eea7468986a709bb0d5c456c4c7","symbol","e61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1",{},{"large":620},{"display":601,"flexDirection":602,"position":603,"flexShrink":604,"boxSizing":605},{"@type":584,"@version":457,"id":622,"meta":623,"component":625,"responsiveStyles":643},"builder-e86dc9e219fd430da8458cc8222eb08d",{"previousId":624},"builder-139b7bd04d1a4d86a54d3c43b1582663",{"name":626,"options":627},"Encyclopedia 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Workshop",{"buildingName":717,"officialName":717,"description":719,"imageList":720,"neighborhood":731,"style":732,"architect":734,"originalCompletionDate":737,"useType":738,"url":740},"\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Revolution Workshop occupies two striking industrial warehouses transformed by Future Firm into a dynamic hub that blends hands-on construction training, collaborative spaces, and community impact.\u003C/p>",[721,724,726,729],{"caption":722,"src":723},"Courtesy of Future Firm. Photo by Daniel Kelleghan.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fd316604320c7432aa0f15173e6b0df20",{"caption":722,"src":725},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F17109fce101b4a37812704100e61d384",{"caption":727,"src":728},"Photographer: Craig Shimala","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fe476ab60b33349b5a6dc6b57283648f0",{"caption":722,"src":730},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F8403b350923b45cea92d6d6e6157f7f5","East Garfield Park",[733],"Industrial",[735,736],"unknown","Future Firm",1920,[739],"Community Center","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/revolution-workshop",{"id":742,"name":743,"data":744},"d94bdac540e24878ab32fba0cf0bff28","Green Mill Jazz Club",{"buildingName":743,"officialName":743,"description":745,"imageList":746,"neighborhood":759,"style":760,"originalCompletionDate":762,"useType":763,"url":765},"\u003Cp>The longtime jazz club, located in Chicago’s Uptown neighborhood, has been open since the early 20th century.\u003C/p>",[747,750,753,756],{"src":748,"caption":749},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fcd8e2169eedb4749b8c8c12854835193","Green Mill Jazz Club.",{"src":751,"caption":752},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fb82ace34ffce4c42a9ee9473c53b633e","Green Mill Sunken Gardens 1914. Chicago Examiner. Public domain.",{"src":754,"caption":755},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F4a8221cfe67447eb8b3156b740724c09","Original signage. Photographer: Robert Loerzel.",{"caption":757,"src":758},"Photographer: Deb Frels","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F5efc7aae71004369a20b1bf84e2f6793","Uptown",[761],"19th Century Commercial",1914,[764],"Commerical","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/green-mill-jazz-club",{"id":767,"name":768,"data":769},"1bff0571016944f38821feef0cc474b8","North Avenue Beach House",{"buildingName":768,"officialName":768,"description":770,"imageList":771,"neighborhood":791,"style":792,"architect":794,"originalCompletionDate":796,"useType":797,"url":799},"\u003Cp>Originally built in 1940 and redesigned in 1999, the North Avenue Beach House blends historic design with modern amenities, serving millions of Chicago lakefront visitors annually.\u003C/p>",[772,776,779,782,785,788],{"alt":773,"src":774,"caption":775}," An aerial shot shows a crowded beach along a large body of water, likely Lake Michigan, with numerous sailboats dotting the horizon under a pale sky. In the foreground, a sandy beach is packed with people. Adjacent to the beach is a modern, boat-shaped building with red accents on its roof. To the right of the building, a large area with multiple white tents is set up on what appears to be muddy ground, possibly indicating recent rain or a specific event setup. A paved road with parked cars and a few buses curves around a grassy area in the lower left. A long pier extends into the water from the right, ending at a small lighthouse. In the distance, a large ship is visible on the water.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F9a1bd4df9cdf4361a6eaf09ec8abb49f","Photo Credit: William Kildow; Lawrence Okrent, Tom Rossiter",{"src":777,"alt":778,"caption":775},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F012e8def527e4bf78526ecb47323803b","A ground-level shot frames the John Hancock Center (now 875 North Michigan Avenue) in the background, towering over a foreground building with a nautical design. The foreground building is white with blue trim and features circular windows resembling portholes, and a large red cylindrical structure on its roof. The word \"RESTROOMS\" is visible above an entrance. Several people are walking around the foreground building's patio area. The sky is partly cloudy.",{"alt":780,"src":781,"caption":775}," A vibrant, low-angle shot of the North Avenue Beach boathouse in Chicago under a deep blue sky. The building, designed to resemble a ship, features white walls, blue railings, and two prominent, red-banded cylindrical structures on its roof, mimicking smokestacks. A striped awning covers a central outdoor area between the two \"smokestacks.\" The lower level of the building is open, revealing glimpses of Lake Michigan through its arched supports. Two people and a bicycle are visible on the left side of the lower level. The intense blue of the sky contrasts sharply with the white and red of the building.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F67dd9dba38b04affb7e1dc6a427afdd3",{"src":783,"alt":784,"caption":775},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F386ecef9973346649f0ecc7074542f31"," An interior view of the North Avenue Beach boathouse, showcasing its multi-level, ship-inspired architecture. The ground floor features numerous round, dark tables arranged in rows. White pillars support the upper levels. In the center, a large, dark opening is labeled \"UPPER DECK\" in red text, leading to stairs or a ramp. The walls are white with blue trim and a decorative blue wave pattern. On the upper level, a red wall with a large black opening is visible, resembling the \"smokestack\" exterior. Red and white striped awnings or coverings are visible on either side of the upper level, extending towards the viewer.",{"caption":775,"src":786,"alt":787},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fc13b84a9c5e845769e4ad902b1563323"," A wide-angle, twilight shot of North Avenue Beach in Chicago, bathed in a purple hue. The North Avenue Beach boathouse, with its distinctive red-topped \"smokestacks\" and white structure, is centrally located on the left, illuminated by scattered lights. The beach in the foreground appears damp, reflecting some of the sky's light. In the background, the Chicago skyline rises, with several tall buildings glowing with orange and white lights. Streetlights line the beach path, and trees are visible between the boathouse and the city buildings. Two blurred figures are visible on the right side of the frame, possibly walking.",{"src":789,"alt":790,"caption":775},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Ff106609754ba4de2955258cbee304c7a","A sunny, mid-day shot of North Avenue Beach in Chicago, featuring the distinctive boathouse building in the background. The sandy beach in the foreground is populated with sunbathers lying on towels and chairs. A yellow beach umbrella stands out in the middle ground. The boathouse, designed like a ship, has white walls, blue trim, and two prominent red cylindrical structures on its roof. People are visible on the boathouse's upper deck and on the ground level. In the far background, the top of the John Hancock Center (now 875 North Michigan Avenue) is visible, along with other city buildings, under a clear blue sky.","Lincoln Park",[793],"Art Deco",[795],"Wheeler Kearns Architects",1940,[798],"Multipurpose: Office/Recreational/Community","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/north-avenue-beach-house",{"id":801,"name":802,"data":803},"22028f5c9f8a4f31ae3327e15cb4aa1c","Chicago Pedway",{"buildingName":804,"officialName":804,"description":805,"imageList":806,"neighborhood":815,"originalCompletionDate":816,"useType":817,"url":819},"The Chicago Pedway","\u003Cp>Beneath the Loop’s hustle, a hidden network quietly connects the city.\u003C/p>",[807,809,811,813],{"src":808},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F2c5f164b2b854bfdaacdbb4dc0830765",{"src":810},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F201cce8b472845ec8cb2374178bd433a",{"src":812},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F6cab6cfb483a44ed8c490d93c28dd793",{"src":814},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F761e6932657044df819c4959e692e033","Loop",null,[818],"Mixed Use","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/chicago-pedway",{"id":821,"name":822,"data":823},"9acf725bb30c40bf8c290d24bf33dd8a","Macy's on State Street (Formerly Marshall Field's)",{"buildingName":824,"officialName":824,"imageList":825,"neighborhood":815,"style":842,"architect":843,"originalCompletionDate":845,"useType":846,"url":847},"Macy’s On State Street (formerly Marshall Field’s) ",[826,830,834,838],{"caption":827,"src":828,"alt":829},"Marshall Field and Company Building","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fefc20421055b4d749404ae72b726cb4e","image from across the street of a large tall tan building with a green exterior clock hanging from its corner",{"caption":831,"alt":832,"src":833},"Marshall Field","Black and white image of a man with white hair and a mustache wearing a suit and looking to his right","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F17bbf93a997d4b45b5580259b912cf71",{"alt":835,"src":836,"caption":837},"Bronze sign that reads \"Marshall Field and Company\" ","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fc261af06198449e0a0a49b0deacd2d83","Marshall Field and Company Sign ",{"src":839,"alt":840,"caption":841},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F58c163252e2d4a21a8f6df80f667ee55","Image looking up at a mosaic ceiling with blue and tan tiles that is brightly lit.","Ceiling of the Marshall Field's Building ",[761],[844],"D.H. Burnham & Co.",1892,[764],"/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/macys-on-state-street-formerly-marshall-fields",{"id":849,"name":850,"data":851},"3ea530f0cb044cf486e2640cd6f3ca69","En Masse Studio",{"buildingName":850,"officialName":850,"description":852,"imageList":853,"neighborhood":865,"style":866,"architect":868,"originalCompletionDate":870,"useType":871,"url":872},"\u003Cp>Discover how En Masse Studio's modern, multi-use building in Logan Square honors architectural legends while revitalizing a historic Chicago neighborhood.\u003C/p>",[854,858,862],{"caption":855,"src":856,"alt":857},"Building exterior of En Masse Studio offices","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fce3e7ae9bb6a440db675ecd2d3fbcb9b","Concrete building with diagonal angles",{"alt":859,"src":860,"caption":861},"Office workers sitting at wide desks with large monitors with a corkboard wall in the background","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F30457c0b7af8441e97b42589d9b128ca","Interior offices of En Masse Studio",{"src":863,"alt":864},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F8c65962f346b4bb0a7a165ecdab8e062","Bicycle leaning against a concrete wall of a building","Logan Square",[867],"Contemporary",[869],"En Masse Architecture and Design",2022,[818],"/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/en-masse-studio",{"id":874,"name":875,"data":876},"a64c2fe8f8404d38b2e5803a26dba3b5","Wrigley Field",{"buildingName":875,"officialName":875,"description":877,"imageList":878,"neighborhood":892,"style":893,"architect":894,"originalCompletionDate":762,"useType":896,"url":897},"\u003Cp>One of the most iconic and beloved baseball stadiums in the country, Wrigley Field is the second-oldest Major League Baseball stadium in the U.S. and has been home of the Chicago Cubs since 1916. \u003C/p>",[879,882,886,889],{"alt":880,"src":881},"Image of the exterior of Wrigley Field with a large red sign that reads \"Wrigley Field, home of the Chicago Cubs\"","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F25e74296ebbb4387ad113ce3e17c01a6",{"src":883,"caption":884,"alt":885},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F09a0c4957cc748bf8d90756258922d72","Weeghman Park left field, May 1914","Black and white image of a baseball field and players standing on it with stands full of people on the left and in the background",{"src":887,"alt":888},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F771a6592180042d8bfecbba96d391e86","Black and white image of the exterior of Wrigley Field with a large sign that reads \"Wrigley Field Home of the Chicago Cubs\" as the focal point, and people walking towards the stadium in the foreground.",{"src":890,"alt":891},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F35636caec8234ab595e30df5ebb54ed9","Aerial image of Wrigley Field from the back showing the field and the stands.","Lakeview",[396],[895],"Zachary Taylor Davis",[764],"/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/wrigley-field",{"id":899,"name":900,"data":901},"80843967f2ee4492a34f5169af1bd8a2","University of Chicago’s Keller Center",{"buildingName":900,"officialName":900,"imageList":902,"neighborhood":907,"style":908,"architect":910,"originalCompletionDate":913,"useType":914,"url":916},[903],{"caption":904,"alt":905,"src":906},"University of Chicago's Keller Center","exterior of academic building with several columns ","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F3ebf4314a64041f3a2b8a6df8f7c70d0","Hyde Park",[909,867],"Modernism",[911,912],"Farr Associates","APMonarch",1962,[915],"School","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/university-of-chicagos-keller-center",[918,935,960],{"id":631,"name":919,"data":920},"Ross Barney Architects",{"title":919,"imageList":921,"category":571,"isPopular":51,"url":934},[922,926,930],{"alt":923,"caption":924,"src":925},"river with steps surrounding ","Chicago Riverwalk. Photo courtesy of Ross Barney Architects.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F3c9792c09ded4fb4834474913eab36bc",{"alt":927,"caption":928,"src":929},"Group of adults standing in stairwell. ","Ross Barney Architects Team, 2024. Photo by Tara White.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F2225cfa323364020994d447745f9005f",{"caption":931,"src":932,"alt":933},"Carol Ross Barney, AIA 2023 Gold Medal recipient","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fb26824af8e194864ac5afdbc1b485840","Carol Ross Barney","/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/ross-barney-architects",{"id":635,"name":936,"data":937},"Studio Gang",{"title":936,"imageList":938,"category":571,"isPopular":14,"url":959},[939,942,946,950,953,956],{"src":940,"caption":941},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2Fdc2a4de5ba9f4054a8c5ec44a1fcd61c","University of Chicago Campus North Residential Commons, by Steve Hall, Copyright Hedrich Blessing, Courtesy Studio Gang.",{"src":943,"alt":944,"caption":945},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F0c78b68db67c4fef8c29f8fa2e8e7a1a","Exterior of building with multi-angled roof ","Starlight Theater. Photo by Greg Murphy, courtesy of Studio Gang.",{"src":947,"alt":948,"caption":949},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fa0e7e8ebe73846689be92e48a1188d2f","Exterior of building with angled roof, women carrying rowboat.","WMS Boathouse at Clark Park. Photo by Hedrich Blessing, courtesy of Studio Gang.",{"src":951,"caption":952},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F5e66a1214cd94234a60e02b56c5efb5a","Writers Theatre, by Steve Hall, Copyright Hedrich Blessing, Courtesy Studio Gang.",{"src":954,"caption":955},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F634100b99f8348599d1417bc597d6bea","City Hyde Park, Copyright Tom Harris Photography, Courtesy Studio Gang.",{"src":957,"caption":958},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2Fed5544d5171c412c8e9976eb574b6456","City Hyde Park, by Steve Hall, Copyright Hedrich Blessing, Courtesy Studio Gang.","/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/studio-gang",{"id":638,"name":961,"data":962},"X Bracing",{"title":961,"imageList":963,"category":967,"url":968},[964],{"caption":965,"alt":965,"src":966},"Photo: 875 N. Michigan Avenue (John Hancock Building); Architect: Skidmore Owings and Merrill  ","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F80e3e66fe2b94eacb62c0ff34e622161","Term","/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/x-bracing"]