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Born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1822, he studied engineering, chemistry and farming before settling on a career in landscape architecture. In addition to his design career, Olmsted was an author and social critic, believing that aesthetic beauty was the remedy to many of the social ills he observed around him.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>In 1858, Olmsted and his partner, Calvert Vaux, won a competition to design Central Park in New York. It was there that Olmsted laid out his vision for a natural environment in the heart of an industrialized city. The park exemplifies Olmsted’s belief that nature has a positive effect on human behavior and well-planned parks and environments can help improve city dwellers’ sense of well-being.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Impressed by Olmsted and Vaux’s Central Park design, the planners of Riverside, Illinois appointed the duo to design a suburban community nine miles west of Chicago in 1868. The goal of the community was to incorporate the amenities and convenience of the city with the idyllic landscapes of the country. Still known today for its curvy streets and parklands, the town embodies Olmsted’s ideas of suburban living, which included “leisure, contemplation and happy tranquility.”\u003C/p>\u003Cp>While Olmsted was working in Riverside, the Chicago Sanitary Commission became aware of his work and asked him to submit plans for the South Park Commission. The proposal put forth by Olmsted and Vaux included prairie-like spaces for livestock, pavilions for concerts and open places for reflection. Lake Michigan was central to the design, with a promenade along the lakefront and a waterway connecting the lake to what is now Washington Park. But the elaborate plans, submitted a few months before the&nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/the-great-chicago-fire-of-1871/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Great Chicago Fire of 1871\u003C/a>, were put on hold as the city recovered from the devastation. In the years that followed, Olmsted kept working across the country, creating a prolific career that included master plans for numerous universities, including the University of Chicago, as well as landscape designs for the U.S. Capitol grounds and the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina. In addition, he became involved in the conservation movement, notably working on the preservation of Niagara Falls.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Olmsted’s shining moment in Chicago came when the city was selected to host the&nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/world-s-columbian-exposition-of-1893/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893\u003C/a>. Olmsted collaborated with Daniel Burnham to adapt his initial design for the South Park Commission site, now known as&nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/buildings-of-chicago/building/jackson-park/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Jackson Park\u003C/a>, Washington Park and the Midway Plaisance. He created a Venetian-inspired pleasure ground, complete with waterways and places for quiet reflection in nature that complemented the grand architecture of the fair. Olmsted and Burnham’s work at the fair launched the “City Beautiful” movement, which promoted the introduction of beautiful green space in urban centers nationwide to improve residents’ morale and quality of life. Now, Olmsted’s vision is the talk of the town again, as discussions continue regarding the design and construction of the new Obama Presidential Center in Jackson Park. Michael Van Valkenburgh, who is leading the project’s landscape architecture, says he believes the center will provide an opportunity to bring the park into the 21st century, while restoring some of Olmsted’s plans.\u003C/p>",{"large":606},{"display":607,"flexDirection":608,"position":609,"flexShrink":610,"boxSizing":611},"flex","column","relative","0","border-box",{"@type":599,"@version":457,"id":613,"meta":614,"children":616,"responsiveStyles":681},"builder-2b4284096f1b4feb8a657a82501f1ed6",{"previousId":615},"builder-932b41064ae946a496a943fa25e38c2e",[617,632,646,658,670],{"@type":599,"@version":457,"layerName":618,"id":619,"meta":620,"component":622,"responsiveStyles":630},"See your favorite buildings in person / Container 50 50","builder-d3445a52c34141ce916a83f4670bb5e1",{"previousId":621},"builder-a5c05b63986248a5862b75c736af4cae",{"name":623,"options":624},"Symbol",{"symbol":625},{"entry":626,"model":627,"ownerId":628,"data":629},"d01a75c23d2e0197886ec71e49c89fd927af1eea7468986a709bb0d5c456c4c7","symbol","e61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1",{},{"large":631},{"display":607,"flexDirection":608,"position":609,"flexShrink":610,"boxSizing":611},{"@type":599,"@version":457,"id":633,"meta":634,"component":636,"responsiveStyles":644},"builder-e4723911753c4cedbcbae198d4fa8d3e",{"previousId":635},"builder-139b7bd04d1a4d86a54d3c43b1582663",{"name":637,"options":638},"Encyclopedia Callout",{"automaticallyFetchArticles":14,"manualArticlesList":639,"headline":640,"button":641},[],"Architecture encyclopedia",{"title":642,"label":642,"url":643},"See full 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Plan of Chicago",{"title":708,"imageList":710,"category":723,"isPopular":14,"url":724},[711,714,717,720],{"src":712,"caption":713},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F70678a65b3ac4282ac05ac6666eb6add","1909 Plan of Chicago, title pages.",{"src":715,"caption":716},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F27279b11792946c4829fd2bb0f2fa1e3","1909 Plan of Chicago, Civic Center Plaza",{"src":718,"caption":719},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2Fd8accb59c32741b08589a9ff5a13334d","1909 Plan of Chicago, view looking west over city",{"src":721,"caption":722},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F5b8f72b685a04d9c9b854b4ca3318ff0","1909 Plan of Chicago, plan of street and boulevard system.","Milestone","/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/1909-plan-of-chicago",{"id":726,"name":727,"data":728},"bd81eaff39862395c5bf34c1b1103ab214eed17a5a4761219a745bcf40960c6e","1933-1934 Century of Progress Exposition",{"title":727,"imageList":729,"category":723,"url":743},[730,733,735,737,739,741],{"src":731,"caption":732},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2Fda92725da9a24ddd9b08fa5aa256b606","Kaufmann & Fabry Co., official photographers of the 1933 Century of Progress. Courtesy Chicago Park District Archives.",{"src":734,"caption":732},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F065cb3f976364897b5c84f47ea9c9bcf",{"src":736,"caption":732},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2Fad0a7c6df9044c4bad721edc16d31a10",{"src":738,"caption":732},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2Fe81cc531ff26495fb98aec039b3fd7c1",{"src":740,"caption":732},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F85013c3f636543bea6022adb857f87c8",{"src":742,"caption":732},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F9bcddf0b443242f0a0f14d99471cd49b","/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/1933-1934-century-of-progress-exposition",{"id":745,"name":746,"data":747},"251f0df1d353cb0b0900f9c60b97d9e0372e51c88e2cd428d267d26d534025fb","19th-Century Commercial",{"title":746,"imageList":748,"category":758,"url":759},[749,752,755],{"src":750,"caption":751},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F7e59d358eeae4064954c1521b74258f5","Marquette Building",{"src":753,"caption":754},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F3b0f48475ada4d61b7a909bd543f4c31","Monadnock Building",{"src":756,"caption":757},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F74f0516fbca14f29b687d5f3e74f98a2","Railway Exchange Building","Style","/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/19th-century-commercial",[761,787,812,846,866,894,919,944],{"id":762,"name":763,"data":764},"9a04a5a6a80649708ac89c584673c36d","Revolution Workshop",{"buildingName":763,"officialName":763,"description":765,"imageList":766,"neighborhood":777,"style":778,"architect":780,"originalCompletionDate":783,"useType":784,"url":786},"\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Revolution Workshop occupies two striking industrial warehouses transformed by Future Firm into a dynamic hub that blends hands-on construction training, collaborative spaces, and community impact.\u003C/p>",[767,770,772,775],{"caption":768,"src":769},"Courtesy of Future Firm. Photo by Daniel Kelleghan.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fd316604320c7432aa0f15173e6b0df20",{"caption":768,"src":771},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F17109fce101b4a37812704100e61d384",{"caption":773,"src":774},"Photographer: Craig Shimala","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fe476ab60b33349b5a6dc6b57283648f0",{"caption":768,"src":776},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F8403b350923b45cea92d6d6e6157f7f5","East Garfield Park",[779],"Industrial",[781,782],"unknown","Future Firm",1920,[785],"Community Center","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/revolution-workshop",{"id":788,"name":789,"data":790},"d94bdac540e24878ab32fba0cf0bff28","Green Mill Jazz Club",{"buildingName":789,"officialName":789,"description":791,"imageList":792,"neighborhood":805,"style":806,"originalCompletionDate":808,"useType":809,"url":811},"\u003Cp>The longtime jazz club, located in Chicago’s Uptown neighborhood, has been open since the early 20th century.\u003C/p>",[793,796,799,802],{"src":794,"caption":795},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fcd8e2169eedb4749b8c8c12854835193","Green Mill Jazz Club.",{"src":797,"caption":798},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fb82ace34ffce4c42a9ee9473c53b633e","Green Mill Sunken Gardens 1914. Chicago Examiner. Public domain.",{"src":800,"caption":801},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F4a8221cfe67447eb8b3156b740724c09","Original signage. Photographer: Robert Loerzel.",{"caption":803,"src":804},"Photographer: Deb Frels","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F5efc7aae71004369a20b1bf84e2f6793","Uptown",[807],"19th Century Commercial",1914,[810],"Commerical","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/green-mill-jazz-club",{"id":813,"name":814,"data":815},"1bff0571016944f38821feef0cc474b8","North Avenue Beach House",{"buildingName":814,"officialName":814,"description":816,"imageList":817,"neighborhood":837,"style":838,"architect":840,"originalCompletionDate":842,"useType":843,"url":845},"\u003Cp>Originally built in 1940 and redesigned in 1999, the North Avenue Beach House blends historic design with modern amenities, serving millions of Chicago lakefront visitors annually.\u003C/p>",[818,822,825,828,831,834],{"alt":819,"src":820,"caption":821}," An aerial shot shows a crowded beach along a large body of water, likely Lake Michigan, with numerous sailboats dotting the horizon under a pale sky. In the foreground, a sandy beach is packed with people. Adjacent to the beach is a modern, boat-shaped building with red accents on its roof. To the right of the building, a large area with multiple white tents is set up on what appears to be muddy ground, possibly indicating recent rain or a specific event setup. A paved road with parked cars and a few buses curves around a grassy area in the lower left. A long pier extends into the water from the right, ending at a small lighthouse. In the distance, a large ship is visible on the water.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F9a1bd4df9cdf4361a6eaf09ec8abb49f","Photo Credit: William Kildow; Lawrence Okrent, Tom Rossiter",{"src":823,"alt":824,"caption":821},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F012e8def527e4bf78526ecb47323803b","A ground-level shot frames the John Hancock Center (now 875 North Michigan Avenue) in the background, towering over a foreground building with a nautical design. The foreground building is white with blue trim and features circular windows resembling portholes, and a large red cylindrical structure on its roof. The word \"RESTROOMS\" is visible above an entrance. Several people are walking around the foreground building's patio area. The sky is partly cloudy.",{"alt":826,"src":827,"caption":821}," A vibrant, low-angle shot of the North Avenue Beach boathouse in Chicago under a deep blue sky. The building, designed to resemble a ship, features white walls, blue railings, and two prominent, red-banded cylindrical structures on its roof, mimicking smokestacks. A striped awning covers a central outdoor area between the two \"smokestacks.\" The lower level of the building is open, revealing glimpses of Lake Michigan through its arched supports. Two people and a bicycle are visible on the left side of the lower level. The intense blue of the sky contrasts sharply with the white and red of the building.","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F67dd9dba38b04affb7e1dc6a427afdd3",{"src":829,"alt":830,"caption":821},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F386ecef9973346649f0ecc7074542f31"," An interior view of the North Avenue Beach boathouse, showcasing its multi-level, ship-inspired architecture. The ground floor features numerous round, dark tables arranged in rows. White pillars support the upper levels. In the center, a large, dark opening is labeled \"UPPER DECK\" in red text, leading to stairs or a ramp. The walls are white with blue trim and a decorative blue wave pattern. On the upper level, a red wall with a large black opening is visible, resembling the \"smokestack\" exterior. Red and white striped awnings or coverings are visible on either side of the upper level, extending towards the viewer.",{"caption":821,"src":832,"alt":833},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fc13b84a9c5e845769e4ad902b1563323"," A wide-angle, twilight shot of North Avenue Beach in Chicago, bathed in a purple hue. The North Avenue Beach boathouse, with its distinctive red-topped \"smokestacks\" and white structure, is centrally located on the left, illuminated by scattered lights. The beach in the foreground appears damp, reflecting some of the sky's light. In the background, the Chicago skyline rises, with several tall buildings glowing with orange and white lights. Streetlights line the beach path, and trees are visible between the boathouse and the city buildings. Two blurred figures are visible on the right side of the frame, possibly walking.",{"src":835,"alt":836,"caption":821},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Ff106609754ba4de2955258cbee304c7a","A sunny, mid-day shot of North Avenue Beach in Chicago, featuring the distinctive boathouse building in the background. The sandy beach in the foreground is populated with sunbathers lying on towels and chairs. A yellow beach umbrella stands out in the middle ground. The boathouse, designed like a ship, has white walls, blue trim, and two prominent red cylindrical structures on its roof. People are visible on the boathouse's upper deck and on the ground level. In the far background, the top of the John Hancock Center (now 875 North Michigan Avenue) is visible, along with other city buildings, under a clear blue sky.","Lincoln Park",[839],"Art Deco",[841],"Wheeler Kearns Architects",1940,[844],"Multipurpose: Office/Recreational/Community","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/north-avenue-beach-house",{"id":847,"name":848,"data":849},"22028f5c9f8a4f31ae3327e15cb4aa1c","Chicago Pedway",{"buildingName":850,"officialName":850,"description":851,"imageList":852,"neighborhood":861,"originalCompletionDate":862,"useType":863,"url":865},"The Chicago Pedway","\u003Cp>Beneath the Loop’s hustle, a hidden network quietly connects the city.\u003C/p>",[853,855,857,859],{"src":854},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F2c5f164b2b854bfdaacdbb4dc0830765",{"src":856},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F201cce8b472845ec8cb2374178bd433a",{"src":858},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F6cab6cfb483a44ed8c490d93c28dd793",{"src":860},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F761e6932657044df819c4959e692e033","Loop",null,[864],"Mixed Use","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/chicago-pedway",{"id":867,"name":868,"data":869},"9acf725bb30c40bf8c290d24bf33dd8a","Macy's on State Street (Formerly Marshall Field's)",{"buildingName":870,"officialName":870,"imageList":871,"neighborhood":861,"style":888,"architect":889,"originalCompletionDate":891,"useType":892,"url":893},"Macy’s On State Street (formerly Marshall Field’s) ",[872,876,880,884],{"caption":873,"src":874,"alt":875},"Marshall Field and Company Building","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fefc20421055b4d749404ae72b726cb4e","image from across the street of a large tall tan building with a green exterior clock hanging from its corner",{"caption":877,"alt":878,"src":879},"Marshall Field","Black and white image of a man with white hair and a mustache wearing a suit and looking to his right","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F17bbf93a997d4b45b5580259b912cf71",{"alt":881,"src":882,"caption":883},"Bronze sign that reads \"Marshall Field and Company\" ","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fc261af06198449e0a0a49b0deacd2d83","Marshall Field and Company Sign ",{"src":885,"alt":886,"caption":887},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F58c163252e2d4a21a8f6df80f667ee55","Image looking up at a mosaic ceiling with blue and tan tiles that is brightly lit.","Ceiling of the Marshall Field's Building ",[807],[890],"D.H. Burnham & Co.",1892,[810],"/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/macys-on-state-street-formerly-marshall-fields",{"id":895,"name":896,"data":897},"3ea530f0cb044cf486e2640cd6f3ca69","En Masse Studio",{"buildingName":896,"officialName":896,"description":898,"imageList":899,"neighborhood":911,"style":912,"architect":914,"originalCompletionDate":916,"useType":917,"url":918},"\u003Cp>Discover how En Masse Studio's modern, multi-use building in Logan Square honors architectural legends while revitalizing a historic Chicago neighborhood.\u003C/p>",[900,904,908],{"caption":901,"src":902,"alt":903},"Building exterior of En Masse Studio offices","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Fce3e7ae9bb6a440db675ecd2d3fbcb9b","Concrete building with diagonal angles",{"alt":905,"src":906,"caption":907},"Office workers sitting at wide desks with large monitors with a corkboard wall in the background","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F30457c0b7af8441e97b42589d9b128ca","Interior offices of En Masse Studio",{"src":909,"alt":910},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F8c65962f346b4bb0a7a165ecdab8e062","Bicycle leaning against a concrete wall of a building","Logan Square",[913],"Contemporary",[915],"En Masse Architecture and Design",2022,[864],"/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/en-masse-studio",{"id":920,"name":921,"data":922},"a64c2fe8f8404d38b2e5803a26dba3b5","Wrigley Field",{"buildingName":921,"officialName":921,"description":923,"imageList":924,"neighborhood":938,"style":939,"architect":940,"originalCompletionDate":808,"useType":942,"url":943},"\u003Cp>One of the most iconic and beloved baseball stadiums in the country, Wrigley Field is the second-oldest Major League Baseball stadium in the U.S. and has been home of the Chicago Cubs since 1916.&nbsp;\u003C/p>",[925,928,932,935],{"alt":926,"src":927},"Image of the exterior of Wrigley Field with a large red sign that reads \"Wrigley Field, home of the Chicago Cubs\"","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F25e74296ebbb4387ad113ce3e17c01a6",{"src":929,"caption":930,"alt":931},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F09a0c4957cc748bf8d90756258922d72","Weeghman Park left field, May 1914","Black and white image of a baseball field and players standing on it with stands full of people on the left and in the background",{"src":933,"alt":934},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F771a6592180042d8bfecbba96d391e86","Black and white image of the exterior of Wrigley Field with a large sign that reads \"Wrigley Field Home of the Chicago Cubs\" as the focal point, and people walking towards the stadium in the foreground.",{"src":936,"alt":937},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F35636caec8234ab595e30df5ebb54ed9","Aerial image of Wrigley Field from the back showing the field and the stands.","Lakeview",[396],[941],"Zachary Taylor Davis",[810],"/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/wrigley-field",{"id":945,"name":946,"data":947},"80843967f2ee4492a34f5169af1bd8a2","University of Chicago’s Keller Center",{"buildingName":946,"officialName":946,"imageList":948,"neighborhood":953,"style":954,"architect":956,"originalCompletionDate":959,"useType":960,"url":962},[949],{"caption":950,"alt":951,"src":952},"University of Chicago's Keller Center","exterior of academic building with several columns ","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2F3ebf4314a64041f3a2b8a6df8f7c70d0","Hyde Park",[955,913],"Modernism",[957,958],"Farr Associates","APMonarch",1962,[961],"School","/online-resources/buildings-of-chicago/university-of-chicagos-keller-center"]