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North Michigan Avenue at the center surrounded by other Chicago buildings","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F8238de3fe4fb4568bff998deb30741fe",{"alt":589,"caption":590,"src":591},"Aerial shot of 875. North Michigan Avenue, a black mid-century modern building with two tall white antennas, surrounded by other builings ","Photo by James Willamor, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. ","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F3d7c1d6a56c0406db07242e54886c0e9",{"alt":593,"caption":569,"src":594},"An image of 875 North Michigan avenue taken from below looking up the side of the building","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2Ffbe04e841bc04746978ff0041e081061",{"alt":596,"caption":569,"src":597},"An image of 875 North Michigan Avenue","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Fe61abde79d954ddab2b6092044c4b5a1%2Ff1e34c97e6d2430981c8f68e5fa5bcda","Near North Side","875 N. Michigan Ave (John Hancock Center)",1969,[602],{"@type":574,"operator":575,"property":576,"value":577},{"title":604},"",{"deviceSize":606,"location":607},"large",{"pathname":577,"path":608,"query":612},[609,610,611],"online-resources","buildings-of-chicago","875-n-michigan-ave",{},"875 N. Michigan Ave.",[615],"Modernism",[617],"Mixed Use",[619,743],{"@type":620,"@version":457,"id":621,"meta":622,"children":624,"responsiveStyles":741},"@builder.io/sdk:Element","builder-11da5113f0ee443b8386b4a08ec45d03",{"previousId":623},"builder-151fa9aec3f9461794b5afa1e86a6304",[625,640,662,680,702,714,723,732],{"@type":620,"@version":457,"id":626,"meta":627,"component":629,"responsiveStyles":633},"builder-85df07455f33449f8ccd2c6d65b4e5d3",{"previousId":628},"builder-fe8e7cf58213465480ca5683a6390130",{"name":630,"options":631},"Text",{"text":632},"\u003Cp>This 1,499-foot (456.9-meter) skyscraper’s groundbreaking engineering helped to make buildings taller than 100 stories—a new possibility—and freed skyscrapers to come from their traditional rectilinear shapes.\u003C/p>\u003Ch4>BRACING FOR CHANGE\u003C/h4>\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/skidmore-owings-merrill/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Skidmore, Owings & Merrill\u003C/a> chose a bold form for the 875 N. Michigan Ave. The tapered rectangular tube—with giant \u003Ca href=\"https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/truss/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">trusses\u003C/a> on each of the four sides—doesn’t hide how the building stands up. The X-bracing on the building's exterior enables it to resist \u003Ca href=\"https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/wind-load/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">wind loads\u003C/a>. The lateral load-resisting system also reduces the need for internal \u003Ca href=\"https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/column/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">columns\u003C/a>, opening up the building’s interior and increasing available floor space.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Engineer Fazlur Khan's idea of the \"trussed tube system\" was an important stage in the development of the skyscraper. This design made it possible to build to unprecedented heights.\u003C/p>\u003Ch4>The Show Must Go On\u003C/h4>\u003Cp>The original plan called for two buildings to be built on the site. But the private Casino Club just east of the site refused to sell its lot to the developers. A smaller site meant a tight squeeze, and architect Bruce Graham recognized that it wasn’t going to be big enough for the two planned towers. Upon further economic analysis, the team determined that a trussed, single tower was more cost effective. Plans were changed.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Despite a financial crunch that prompted the building to change ownership from Jerry Wolman to John Hancock in the midst of construction, it was completed in 1968.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Today, the building’s tenants include a mix of residential apartments, retail and office spaces, and a 94th-floor café and observatory where visitors enjoy a 360-degree view of the city. On hot summer days, the building's street-level plaza serves as an oasis in the middle of the city, complete with a lush garden and a waterfall.\u003C/p>",{"large":634},{"display":635,"flexDirection":636,"position":637,"flexShrink":638,"boxSizing":639},"flex","column","relative","0","border-box",{"@type":620,"@version":457,"id":641,"meta":642,"component":644,"responsiveStyles":660},"builder-11c04d560e87476aab56b8c857aac92f",{"previousId":643},"builder-553f0f4888f7423ab9258394e767fefa",{"name":645,"options":646},"Fact Carousel",{"factList":647},[648,654,657],{"body":649,"title":650,"icon":651},"\u003Cp>There are 1,632 steps from the main lobby to the observatory on the 94th floor. Once per year, there is a race up these stairs for charity.\u003C/p>","Did you know?",{"src":652,"alt":653},"https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2F49af4dfb0fbc43d58bf8ce407e839d74%2F6eb8f64ac9e149c9869e201bde237839","Icon of two buildings. One in red and one is taller.",{"body":655,"title":650,"icon":656},"\u003Cp>With some of the nation's fastest elevators, you'll arrive at the Observatory in 39 seconds.\u003C/p>",{"src":652,"alt":653},{"body":658,"title":650,"icon":659},"\u003Cp>Each side of the building has five X-shaped braces that stretch from floors 2-20, 21-37, 38-55, 56-74 and 75-91. An additional half a brace  extends from floors 92-97.\u003C/p>",{"src":652,"alt":653},{"large":661},{"display":635,"flexDirection":636,"position":637,"flexShrink":638,"boxSizing":639},{"@type":620,"@version":457,"id":663,"meta":664,"component":666,"responsiveStyles":678},"builder-6e100f000e014d5a8f4f064de8a6f8bd",{"previousId":665},"builder-a870fe1e60ea4ba1a4f0d13316d3fadf",{"name":667,"options":668},"Testimonials Carousel",{"headline":669,"testimonials":670},"Docent perspective",[671],{"quote":672,"attribution":673,"title":674,"image":675},"The tapering, obelisk shape of the Hancock Center gives it a unique, beautiful silhouette on the Chicago skyline. The shape was not driven by a desire for beauty, but rather is the result of the needs of those using the building. The retail space and parking garage require larger floors, but few windows, while residents of the condominiums want windows to allow them to gaze over Chicago, requiring the floors to be smaller. 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